The Netherlands announced on December 15th that it will support Bulgaria joining the Schengen passport-free travel zone, ending its long-standing opposition.
Breakthrough Decision Follows Reforms in Bulgaria
The Dutch reversal comes after Bulgaria undertook anti-corruption reforms and established new migration monitoring mechanisms.
A November inspection mission to Sofia by Dutch and Austrian officials provided positive indications of progress.
Dutch ambassador Willemijn van Haaften hailed the “good work done” by Bulgaria in a social media post confirming the government's decision to lift its Schengen veto.
Bulgarian Prime Minister Nikolai Denkov said the new laws and oversight bodies paved the way for the Netherlands’ favorable assessment.
“To reach this point, there’s been considerable progress,” he stated.
More Visa-Free Access for Travelers
Once approved into the Schengen zone, Bulgaria will grant visa-free access for short-term tourists and travelers from other member states.
The ETIAS visa waiver will also apply for eligible visitors upon its launch in 2025.
Bulgaria’s inclusion expands opportunities for European Union (EU) residents to easily vacation, study abroad, or conduct business in the country. It also benefits non-EU families with ties to Bulgaria.
Still Work Ahead on Immigration Policy
While the Netherlands’ decision signals progress, Austria's outstanding concerns mean further reforms are likely needed around border security before Bulgaria joins Schengen.
Full membership entails compliance with Schengen rules governing long-term immigration and asylum requests.
Bulgaria must satisfy Austria that its external border controls can prevent unauthorized entry.
Austria Remains Opposed to Full Accession
Austria still opposes granting Bulgaria full Schengen membership. It had suggested a compromise called ‘Air Schengen,’ allowing only passport-free air travel.
Bulgaria will need to satisfy Austria’s concerns around border security for land crossings before achieving full accession.
The Netherlands’ green light is nonetheless a major step forward.
Next Steps on Path to Schengen
The Dutch Parliament must now finalize the decision to end its opposition.
Once approved, Bulgaria will be on track to join the Schengen area in 2023 as long as remaining issues with Austria can be resolved.