The Central Mediterranean route, which had the highest number of people crossing its borders irregularly to enter the European Union (EU) in 2023, saw a significant decrease of 70% compared to the previous year during the first two months of 2024.
According to initial calculations by Frontex, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, detections along this route dropped to slightly over 4,300.
Western African route becomes busiest, doubling previous record
In contrast, the Western African route has become the busiest migratory path into the EU.
In January and February, around 12,100 people arrived, marking the highest number for these months since Frontex started collecting data in 2011.
Criminal groups in Mauritania are exploiting the growing need for transportation among migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. This has led to boats becoming dangerously overcrowded, putting lives in jeopardy.
Eastern Mediterranean detections more than double
In the first two months of 2024, the Eastern Mediterranean route had over 9,150 detections, which is more than double the previous count. This route is now the second busiest for migration.
Frontex continues its efforts with about 2,700 officers and staff involved in different operations. Nearly 200 of them are helping Spain with the situation in the Canary Islands and the Western Mediterranean.
Dangers persist for irregular migrants
Despite changes in trends, the risks for people trying to migrate illegally remain high.
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) reports that 255 people have gone missing in the Mediterranean Sea this year. Most of them were trying to cross the dangerous Central Mediterranean route.
Slight increase in Channel route
Detections on the Channel route, between mainland Europe and the UK, increased by 10% to over 6,100 in the first two months of the year. This is despite often challenging weather conditions that further endanger the lives of those attempting to reach the UK.
As migration patterns keep changing, organizations like Frontex are staying watchful. They are monitoring trends and making sure the borders of the EU stay safe and secure.
The human cost of these dangerous journeys remains a critical concern for all involved.
What ETIAS means for EU visitors in a changing world
The changes in irregular migration patterns might affect how the European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) works and how visitors experience traveling to the EU.
The ETIAS is meant to improve security and make short trips smoother, but it is important to keep an eye on how these shifts in migration interact with the ETIAS process.
For people staying longer in the EU, like students or digital nomads, it is crucial to stay updated on the latest news and requirements.
How EU countries are responding to migration changes
As migration patterns shift in the Mediterranean and Western African routes, EU countries may need to reconsider their immigration policies.
Although ETIAS and Schengen rules handle short visits, countries might need to tweak their long-term strategies to tackle the root causes of irregular migration and promote safe, regular immigration channels.
This could mean working more closely with countries where migrants come from or pass through, supporting economic growth and stability, and making sure policies balance security concerns with humanitarian responsibilities.
Navigating an uncertain future
As 2024 unfolds, the changes happening in irregular migration across the Mediterranean and Western African routes pose challenges and opportunities for the EU and its partners.
Addressing the root causes of migration while ensuring the safety and dignity of those seeking a better life will require ongoing collaboration, innovation, and a shared commitment to humanitarian principles.